Monsters and Maps

Humanity has always had a love/hate relationship with the world’s oceans.  It is from the seas we were born and, for millennia, trying both to navigate and live off those waters has created dreams and nightmares.  Plowing across the oceans has been crucial to our survival, but people always wonder what lurks beneath.  Even now, with advances in deep sea diving, we know more about the surface of Earth’s moon than its oceans.

Medieval European artists were particularly adept at bringing seafarers’ worst hallucinations to life.  Everything from beautiful sirens luring sailors into a rocky demise to gigantic serpents wrapping themselves around entire ships populated ancient oceanic lore.  Here are just four colorful delights that make you wonder if these folks were genuinely frightened or if they just needed some loving after long days at sea.

In “Theatrum orbis terrarum,” first published in 1570 by Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius, Jonah is cast overboard to a sea monster.

In “Theatrum orbis terrarum,” first published in 1570 by Flemish cartographer Abraham Ortelius, Jonah is cast overboard to a sea monster.

 

Ortelius became even more creative with this chimeric entity: an ichthyocentaur (part human, horse and fish) playing a viol on a map of Scandinavia from the 1573 edition of “Theatrum orbis terrarum.”  The sea surrounding Scandinavia showed sailing ships and the otherwise peaceful ichthyocentaur, perhaps suggesting safe passage.

Ortelius became even more creative with this chimeric entity: an ichthyocentaur (part human, horse and fish) playing a viol on a map of Scandinavia from the 1573 edition of “Theatrum orbis terrarum.” The sea surrounding Scandinavia showed sailing ships and the otherwise peaceful ichthyocentaur, perhaps suggesting safe passage.

 

In Olaus Magnus’s “Carta Marina” from 1539, a sea pig – which was compared to heretics that distorted truth and lived like swine – dwelled in the North Sea.

In Olaus Magnus’s “Carta Marina” from 1539, a sea pig – which was compared to heretics that distorted truth and lived like swine – dwelled in the North Sea.

 

This giant lobster in Magnus’s “Carta Marina,” is described as an octopus in the accompanying text.  Polypus, which means “many-footed,” was often used to describe many different types of multi-limbed creatures, from lobster to octopi.  Such sweeping designations showed confusion about what types of creatures actually lived in the sea.

This giant lobster in Magnus’s “Carta Marina,” is described as an octopus in the accompanying text. Polypus, which means “many-footed,” was often used to describe many different types of multi-limbed creatures, from lobsters to octopi. Such sweeping designations showed confusion about what types of creatures actually lived in the sea.

 

In a classic delineation, a siren admires herself in a mirror while surrounded by ships in the Southern Ocean on Pierre Descelier’s map from 1550.  Other monsters can be seen on the nearby lands.

In a classic delineation, a siren admires herself in a mirror while surrounded by ships in the Southern Ocean on a 1550 map by Pierre Descelier. Other monsters can be seen on the nearby lands.

 

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A Very Krohn Christmas

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Fellow blogger Sherry Lachelle has found her true calling: taking extraordinary photographs of seemingly ordinary people and objects.  In her latest offering, she highlights Cincinnati’s Krohn Conservatory Christmas display, which combines one of my favorite subjects, miniature buildings, with a variety of Christmas plants.  It’s a truly unique combination.

Please check out the rest of the pictures as well as Sherry’s blog, Travel Spirit.  It’s all a feast for hungry eyes!

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Free Speaking

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“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Voltaire

On the night before the United States was set to invade Iraq in March of 2003, the Dixie Chicks, a Texas-born country music trio, took to a London stage.  Lead singer Natalie Maines suddenly blurted out, “Just so you know, we’re on the good side with y’all.  We do not want this war, this violence.  And, we’re ashamed the President of the United States is from Texas.”

The audience cheered, and Maines laughed loudly, as if she had just been joking.  But, the repercussions here at home were swift and vitriolic.  Country music radio stations quickly pulled the band’s music from their play lists; fans turned on the group and began destroying their records and CD’s; others threatened violence; someone even made a bomb threat to the band’s record company.  The group has recovered in the ensuing decade, but hasn’t really attained the same level of popularity they enjoyed before “The Incident.”  I’m not a country music fan, so I don’t follow the band.  But, I’m certainly not a fan of former President George W. Bush.  Indeed, he is an embarrassment to the state of Texas.

Maines’ 2003 pronouncement came to light again recently with the uproar over comments made by another southerner: Phil Robertson of “Duck Dynasty” fame.  Robertson’s family created an empire making and selling products for duck hunters from their Duck Commander Company in West Monroe, Louisiana, which has been in operation since 1973.  The show debuted on the A&E Network in March of 2012 and became an instant success.  The family is devoutly Christian and proudly redneck.  They seem to celebrate both, and each episode ends with the family gathered around the dinner table reciting a prayer.

Now, the show’s future is threatened after Robertson granted an interview to GQ Magazine during which he equated homosexuality with bestiality and claimed African-Americans were better off in pre-civil rights America.  It’s the homophobic part of his rant that has garnered the most attention.

“Start with homosexual behavior and just morph out from there,” Robertson told GQ.  “Bestiality, sleeping around with this woman and that woman and that woman and those men.  Don’t be deceived.  Neither the adulterers, the idolaters, the male prostitutes, the homosexual offenders, the greedy, the drunkards, the slanderers, the swindlers – they won’t inherit the kingdom of God.  Don’t deceive yourself.  It’s not right.”

After I got past the difficult concept of someone like Phil Robertson actually speaking with GQ Magazine, I just sort of yawned.  I’ve heard this crap before.  Evangelical Christians here in the U.S. have long compared homosexuality (especially male homosexuality) to bestiality and always seem to know what’s right for everyone else.  If anyone should dare criticize them, they then claim they’re merely quoting biblical scripture.  I’ve heard that crap before, too.  I’ve known plenty of people who often said, ‘Hey, don’t get mad at me.  I’m just doing what it says in the Bible,’ – not understanding how stupid they sound.  That’s almost like a man claiming he couldn’t help but sexually assault a woman because she was wearing a mini-skirt.

That Robertson assumes Black-Americans would have done well to forgo the efforts of the civil rights struggles of the last two centuries and accept their lowly place in society is equally unsurprising.  Many older White conservatives, particularly in the southeastern U.S., bristle at the thought of non-Whites achieving any kind of equality.  Robertson and his ilk remain indignant about the Civil War and continually reenact key battles in the vain hope they’ll attain victory and the Negroes and Indians will retreat into the fields where they belong.

When A&E announced “Duck Dynasty” would be suspended, many Robertson fans came to his defense.  Among them are the usual right-wing squawkers: Rush Limbaugh, Sarah Palin and Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal.  Yet another, Ian Bayne, an Illinois Republican congressional candidate, produced the most laughable response by comparing Robertson to Rosa Parks.  “In December 1955, Rosa Parks took a stand against an unjust societal persecution of black people,” stated Bayne, “and in December 2013, Robertson took a stand against persecution of Christians. What Parks did was courageous… What Robertson did was courageous too.”

I’d love to see the look on Robertson’s face when he heard that one!  Ironically, Rosa Parks’ actions were an early cannon shot in the brewing civil rights movement.

Several Robertson defenders are denouncing the apparent hypocrisy of his critics.  “Free speech is an endangered species,” said Palin.  Perhaps it is, but then again, you have to consider who’s speaking and what they’re saying.  When Natalie Maines criticized President Bush, her detractors suddenly warned that free speech has its responsibilities, which is a polite way of saying if you don’t agree with them, then you’re dead wrong.

Indeed, free speech has its limits.  You can’t yell ‘Fire!’ in a crowded theater (a common comparison); you can’t phone in a bomb threat; and you can’t falsely accuse someone of committing a criminal act, such as…oh, bestiality.  As a writer, I know that free speech is sacrosanct; an undeniable tenet of democracy.  It’s a precious right; one born of blood and more valuable than gold or diamonds.  I’ve known people who grew up in the former Soviet Union or communist East Germany and listening to their tales of living under such oppressive regimes where dissent was regarded as a scourge makes me understand how fortunate I am to have grown up in the U.S.  I’ve seen a few episodes of “Duck Dynasty” and think it’s rather funny.  Only in America can someone make a fortune from building duck calls.  As much as I detest people like Phil Robertson, I can’t let what he says bother me too much.  If he doesn’t like gay people, then that’s his right.  No one should try to force him to march in the next gay pride parade, while holding hands with a drag queen.  If he feels Black folks had it better in America pre-1970, I feel he’s an idiot.  Ask any older Black person, especially those who grew up in the southeastern U.S., what life was like for them under Jim Crow laws, and I’m sure they’ll tell you that – aside from gatherings with family and friends – it was pretty hard and scary.  But, if Phil Robertson believes otherwise, what are you going to do?  Try to drown him in the swamp behind his mansion?

There is one unique irony about Robertson’s pathetic analogy between homosexuality and bestiality.  A hunter’s duck call is actually a ruse; the device mimics the sound of a duck’s mating wail.  In other words, the hunter masquerades as an amorous waterfowl to ensnare an unsuspecting bird into a trap.  Not that Robertson has ever sought to get busy with a duck, of course!  But, just words for thought.

Image: Albany NY a.k.a. Smalbany.

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Brandishing Open Hands

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Michael Morton and Nelson Mandela probably never heard about one another and most certainly never met.  But, the two men have at least one thing in common: they both spent several years in jail for crimes they never committed.

On August 13, 1986, Morton returned to his home in Williamson County, Texas, just outside Austin, to find his wife, Christine, dead.  She had been murdered.  The couple’s 3-year-old son, Eric, was unharmed.  Although he was at work – and could account for his time – authorities immediately suspected Morton killed her.  They certainly didn’t waste any time in charging and then convicting him of her death.  The Mortons had celebrated Michael’s 32nd birthday at a restaurant the night before.  Prosecutors believed Michael had killed Christine in fit of rage; they found a note in the bathroom from Michael to Christine expressing disappointment that she didn’t have sex with him as part of the birthday revelry.  They read the note aloud in the courtroom – conveniently leaving Michael’s closing words, ‘I love you.’

Six months after the crime, Morton was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life in prison.  While omitting Michael’s own written words – ‘I love you’ – from the record seems tacky at best, then-Williamson County district attorney Ken Anderson had deliberately neglected to mention something even more critical to Morton’s defense team: police had confiscated a bloody bandana from outside the Morton home the day after Christine had been found dead.

There were other things.  Eric had been present during his mother’s murder and described the crime scene in striking detail to both family members and police.  More importantly, he’d insisted his father was not the culprit; describing him instead as a “monster.”  Neighbors told police they’d seen a man repeatedly park a green van on the street behind the Morton home and disappear into a nearby wooded area days before the murder.  Police also discovered that Christine’s missing Visa card may have turned up at a San Antonio jewelry store.  A San Antonio police officer stated he could identify the woman who’d attempted to use it.

In 2011, DNA on the bandana pointed to a possible assailant: Mark Norwood.  Norwood lived near the Mortons in 1986 and had a criminal record.  Analysts then determined that a pubic hair found at the Morton crime scene was similar to a hair found at the site of another murder, Debra Masters, in neighboring Travis County.  Both hairs ultimately were linked to Norwood.  In December of 2011, a judge ordered Morton released from jail.

Today, Morton has reconnected with his son and is still trying to put his life back together.  “Vindication is very, very good,” he says.  “But, it’s something I knew all along.”

Half a world away, on another continent in another time, Nelson Mandela was also charged and convicted of a crime.  He dared to demand respect and equal treatment from the White-dominated government of his homeland.  Although no one had been killed, Mandela’s transgression was so offensive that officials imprisoned him for nearly three decades.

The circumstances surrounding the Morton and Mandela cases are different in most ways.  But, in the end, both men did something that surprised those around them: they offered forgiveness to the very people who had trampled upon their humanity.

As the world mourns Mandela’s passing, I’m struck by the enormity of his compassion.  Instead of hate, he offered loved.  Instead of revenge, he sought unity.  Surely, he was angry upon his release from prison.  That would be a natural reaction from anyone.  But, Mandela knew the animosity that rattled his conscious could easily consume his soul.  He chose to pursue reconciliation.

Think about it.  You spend many years in prison merely because you wanted to live your life free of terror and oppression.  Then, when you’re finally released, you offer your captors forgiveness and seek to build a unified society.

That’s essentially the story of Nelson Mandela in the last half-century of his life.  The racist South African government imprisoned him in 1963 because he dared to demand respect and equal treatment.  It’s a tale that played out across much of Africa, as well as other parts of the world: the descendants of European interlopers colonized the region and sought to destroy the indigenous peoples.  When they couldn’t, they marginalized them as much as possible.

Forgiveness is as complicated as the word is long.  It’s not easy for most people.  I know I have the nasty habit of holding grudges.  It’s always been difficult for me to forgive people, especially when they haven’t acknowledged their wrongdoing and asked to be forgiven.  I certainly won’t forget stuff some people have done to me.  But, forgiveness?  That’s a stretch.

I’m still angry with the treatment I received at the hands of my superiors in the final year I worked at an engineering company.  I felt trapped in that job, and it was actually a relief when I got laid off.  But, I can forgive them for it.  Yes, it was a life-changing event, but at least I wasn’t thrown in prison.

I’m also still resentful of the way some of my cousins treated my father in the battle over my grandmother’s estate.  They didn’t threaten him, or say anything outright vulgar.  But, I felt they disrespected him.  Forgive them?  Maybe.

In most ways, I’ve viewed forgiveness as a sign of weakness.  It’s like giving in; admitting that they were right to do or say crap to you; to disrespect and mistreat you.  It’s conceding that you overreacted and took things too seriously.  If you spontaneously forgive somebody, I’d always told myself, you’re just giving up and handing a victory to the other side.

Here’s what’s easy though – hate.  It’s actually quite easy to harbor anger and resentment.  It takes less thought.  It’s easier to pick up a rock and hurtle it through a window, instead of putting it back down.  It’s easier to call someone every foul name that comes to mind, instead of saying, “I don’t have time to waste on you.”  Pulling the trigger of a gun doesn’t take much cerebral acumen.  Offering words of love and encouragement does.

Michael Morton merely wanted to reunite with his son and now makes the best of his new-found freedom.  Nelson Mandela spent 27 years imprisoned for a manufactured criminal act; he spent the last 23 years of his life working to create a better world for everyone.  No, the two men never met, and their lives couldn’t be more different.  But, their personal stories reveal so much about hope and peace.  It says everything about the greatness of humanity.

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World Human Rights Day 2013

Mandela

“To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.”

– Nelson Mandela

World Human Rights Day

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

 

Image courtesy Brendan Lochrie.

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In Memoriam – Nelson Mandela, 1918 – 2013

mandela

“I have walked that long road to freedom.  I have tried not to falter.  I have made missteps along the way.  But, I have discovered the secret that, after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.  I have taken a moment to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me; to look back on the distance I have come.  But, I can only rest for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger; for my long walk is not ended.” – Nelson Mandela

You can rest now in peace, brother Nelson, for your job on Earth is done.

Nelson Mandela Foundation.

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Thanks for This?

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In April of 2010, Sarah Palin, the former (part-time) Alaska governor and 2008 Republican Party vice-presidential nominee, told the Women of Joy conference in Louisville, Kentucky, “God truly has shed His grace on thee – on this country.  He’s blessed us, and we better not blow it.”  She was criticizing the notion of separation of church and state; a tenet essential to the establishment of the United States.  She insisted, as right-wing evangelicals do, that this is a Christian nation; founded on biblical principals.  If that’s the case, then her oldest daughter, Bristol, should be stoned to death for getting drunk, having sex out-of-wedlock and giving birth to an illegitimate child.  That Bristol went on to condemn gay marriage – even though she and her baby’s father never could set a wedding date – is typical of conservative hypocrisy.

If Palin, or anyone else in her camp, were so concerned about the application of Christian ideology, then they should look at the startling rise in both poverty and food insecurity in the U.S.  Food banks have been running low on supplies and are working (even more than ever) on shoestring budgets.  To worsen matters, President and Obama and the U.S. Congress made cuts to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).  A family of 4 could lose on average $36 monthly in food assistance.  It’s even more astounding when you consider that many of these families are not welfare brats, but among the “working poor” – a new class of individuals created almost involuntarily in the past decade.  These are the people who haven’t benefited from “trickle-down economics.”  Capitalism hasn’t functioned quite so well for them.  In the late 1990s, more people moved up out of poverty than ever before in this nation’s history.  But, thanks to the incompetence and corruption of the Bush Administration, practically all those gains have been lost.

It’s, of course, the skewered tax policies the Bush Administration instituted, beginning in 2001; a financial structure retrofitted to favor the wealthiest individuals and largest corporations.  Coupled with the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the almost complete deregulation of the financial and housing industries, and it shouldn’t be too surprising that the U.S. is still in the grips of the worst economic downturn in 80 years.

While conservative extremists are obsessed with injecting creationism into science curriculums in schools and stopping queers from getting married, my biggest worry is the number of people who struggle daily with food insecurity.  As much of the U.S. winds down the Thanksgiving holiday with bloated meals, hectic travel schedules and “Black Friday” shopping excursions, here are some sobering statistics, as of 2012, about the state of many kitchens across the land.

Food Insecurity and Very Low Food Security:

  • In 2012, 49.0 million Americans lived in food insecure households, 33.1 million adults and 15.9 million children.
  • In 2012, 14.5% of households (17.6 million households) were food insecure.
  • In 2012, 5.7% of households (7.0 million households) experienced very low food security.
  • In 2012, households with children reported food insecurity at a significantly higher rate than those without children, 20.0% compared to 11.9%.
  • In 2012, households that had higher rates of food insecurity than the national average included households with children (20.0%), especially households with children headed by single women (35.4%) or single men (23.6%), Black non-Hispanic households (24.6%) and Hispanic households (23.3%).
  • In 2011, 4.8 million seniors (over age 60), or 8.4% of all seniors were food insecure. [1]
  • Food insecurity exists in every county in America, ranging from a low of 2.4% in Slope County, ND to a high of 35.2% in Holmes County, MS.[2]

Overall, the U.S. sported a rate of 14.7% for households with food insecurity.  Following are the top 10 states that exhibited statistically significant higher household food insecurity rates than the U.S. national average, which is from 2000 – 2012 in this study: [3]

Mississippi                 20.9%

Arkansas                     19.7%

Texas                          18.4%

Alabama                     17.9%

North Carolina          17.0%

Georgia                       16.9%

Missouri                     16.7%

Nevada                        16.6%

Ohio                            16.1%

California                   15.6%

Use of Emergency Food Assistance and Federal Food Assistance Programs:

  • In 2012, 5.1 percent of all U.S. households (6.2 million households) accessed emergency food from a food pantry or soup kitchen one or more times. [4] 
  • In 2012, 59.4 percent of food-insecure households participated in at least one of the three major federal food assistance programs – Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP; formerly Food Stamp Program), The National School Lunch Program, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). [5] 
  • Feeding America provides emergency food assistance to an estimated 37 million low-income people annually, a 46% increase from 25 million since Hunger in America 2006.[6]
  • Among members of Feeding America, 74% of pantries, 65% of kitchens, and 54% of shelters reported that there had been an increase since 2006 in the number of clients who come to their emergency food program sites. [7]

If the U.S. and all other democratic societies are serious about strengthening themselves, they’ll spend less money on wars against foreign nations and homosexuals and more on the real threats to stability: hunger and poverty.  Otherwise, “The Hunger Games” won’t be as much a movie as a way of life.

Sources:

  1. Ziliak, J.P. & Gundersen, C. (2013.) Spotlight on Food Insecurity among Senior Americans: 2011. National Foundation to End Senior Hunger (NFESH).
  2. Gundersen, C., Waxman, E., Engelhard, E., Satoh, A., & Chawla, N. (2013). Map the Meal Gap 2013, Feeding America.
  3. Coleman-Jensen, A., Nord, M., & Singh, A. (2013). Household Food Security in the United States in 2012. USDA ERS.
  4. Ibid.
  5. Ibid.
  6. Cohen, R., J. Mabli,, F. Potter & Z. Zhao. (2010). Hunger in America 2010. Mathematica Policy Research, Feeding America.
  7. Ibid.
  8. U.S. Department of Labor.Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2012 Annual Average Unemployment Rates.

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Happy Hanukah!

menorah

“Barukh ata Adonai Eloheinu,

Melekh ha’olam,

shehakol nih’ye bidvaro.


Blessed are You, Lord our God,

King of the Universe,

by Whose word all things came to be.”

 

Source.

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Happy American Thanksgiving!

thanksgiving-leaves

“Treat the Earth and all that dwell thereon with respect.

Remain close to the Great Spirit.

Show great respect for your fellow beings.

Work together for the benefit of all Mankind.

Give assistance and kindness wherever needed.

 

Do what you know to be right.

Look after the well-being of mind and body.

Dedicate a share of your efforts to the greater good.

Be truthful and honest at all times.

Take full responsibility for your actions.

Let us greet the dawn of a new day,

when all can live as one with nature,

and peace reigns everywhere.

 

Oh Great Spirit, bring to our brothers and sisters,

the wisdom of Nature and the knowledge,

that if her laws are obeyed,

this land will again flourish,

and grasses and trees will grow as before.

 

Guide those that through their councils,

seek to spread the wisdom of their leaders to all people.

Heal the raw wounds of the Earth,

and restore to our soul the richness,

which strengthens our bodies,

and makes them us in our councils.

 

Bring to all the knowledge that great cities,

live only through the bounty,

of the good earth beyond their paved streets,

and towers of stone and steel.”

 

Native American Commandments

– Jasper Saunkeah, Cherokee

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One More Hero – Officer J.D. Tippit

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President John F. Kennedy certainly wasn’t the only person to die on November 22, 1963.  But, only one other individual associated with his death also lost his life that day, Dallas Police Officer J.D. Tippit.  Moreover, Tippit died at the hands of the same madman, Lee Harvey Oswald, who shot the officer on a street in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas less than an hour after Kennedy died.

Born to a farming family in Red River County, Texas on September 18, 1924, Tippit grew up hunting and making do with life in a rural community, often devoid of telephones and electricity.  In July of 1944, he joined the U.S. Army, like so many young men of his generation.  After being injured in the Rhine Valley in January 1945, he returned to the U.S. to await deployment to the Pacific.  But, in 1946, he was discharged and returned to Texas.

On the day after Christmas that same year, he married his high school sweetheart, Marie Frances Gasway.  Shortly afterwards, the young couple moved to Dallas to start their life together.  They briefly moved back to Red River County, but returned to Dallas in 1952.  With 3 children to support, J.D. quickly found his true calling: police work.  Being a police officer in Dallas, even in the 1950s, could be dangerous.  He almost lost his life at the hands of a demented man in April of 1956.

On November 22, 1963, Tippit returned to his home to have a quick lunch with Marie.  Then, word came about the shots in Dealey Plaza and a description of the suspected gunman.  Tippit didn’t stand a chance against Oswald’s lunacy.

On November 20, 2012, the city of Dallas honored Tippit’s sacrifice with a historical marker.  A few days ago I was surprised to learn that Jacqueline Kennedy had sent a letter to Marie Tippit shortly after the double tragedy, expressing her condolences.  At the same time, both women became widows, each with young children, under the most horrific of circumstances.  Each man died doing their jobs: Kennedy making a goodwill visit to Texas as president of the United States, and Tippit hunting a killer.

This is for all the law enforcement officials whose lives often end amidst such horror.  Their watch may end on a certain day, but their legacies of service and responsibility go on forever.

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