Tag Archives: Peru

Self-Inflicted

“When fascism comes to America, it will be wrapped in the flag and carrying a cross.”

Sinclair Lewis, 1935

I had a certain sensation deep inside of me; the same kind of feeling when I know something dramatic – either good or bad – is about to happen.  This time it was bad, and I almost felt sick.  Donald Trump has been reelected to the U.S. presidency.  He becomes only the second president in U.S. history to win a second term that didn’t immediately follow the first.  He also has the dubious distinction of being the first indicted criminal to be elected.  Little could be stranger or sadder for the American people.  I suppose, though, that too many people drank that proverbial Kool-Aid offered by the Republican despot; a man who openly admires the likes of Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong-Un; who has advocated violence against others; who has threatened to imprison anyone who disagrees with him; who incited a riot nearly four years ago; and who has demonstrated no true respect for average, working Americans.

I am embarrassed by and disgusted with many of my fellow Americans who helped put Trump into office.  The Democratic Party, however, really has no one but themselves to blame for this chaos.  Their leadership stood by as Joe Biden and Bernie Sanders ran for president in 2020.  With all due respect to those two gentlemen, their time had come and gone.  The window to run for and win the U.S. presidency is small.  I felt Biden and Sanders would have better served the country by giving speeches and writing books about the value and importance of democracy and how people like Trump pose the worst threat to our constitutional freedoms.

For the Democrats, the 2020 presidential race began with the most diverse slate of candidates – and ended with the same tired old figures that traditionally represented both parties: old White men.  Now understand I’m a mostly White male and have no qualms about it.  But this nation boasts too varied a population to rely upon the same types of people to lead us.

And it’s not that the U.S. isn’t ready for a female president.  We’re way past ready.  It’s just that the Democrats (and the Republicans for that matter) have never chosen the right women to lead them.  I’ve always said Hillary Clinton was too divisive a figure.  While I loved Bill “Who’s Your Daddy” Clinton, I personally never cared for Hillary.  And, although Kamala Harris made history by becoming the first female vice-president in U.S. history, she didn’t do enough to separate herself from Biden.

In 1993 Canada elected its first female prime minister, Kim Campbell, and highly patriarchal and staunchly Roman Catholic México just elected its first female (and Jewish) president, Claudia Scheinbaum.  Thus far, eighteen other women either have been elected or ascended to the highest office in their respective countries in the Western Hemisphere:

Jeanine Áñez, Bolivia, 2019-20

Rosalía Arteaga, Ecuador, 1997

Michelle Bachelet, Chile, 2006-10 and 2014-18

Dina Boluarte, Peru, since 2022

Sylvanie Burton, Dominica, since 2023

Xiomara Castro, Honduras, since 2022

Violeta Chamorro, Nicaragua, 1990-97

Eugenia Charles, Dominican Republic, 1980-95

Laura Chinchilla, Costa Rica, 2010-14

Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentina, 2007-15

Lidia Gueiler Tejadam, Bolivia, 1979-80

Mireya Moscoso, Panama, 1999-2004

Mia Mottley, Barbados, since 2018

Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Haiti, 1990-91 (acting president)

Michèle Pierre-Louis, Haiti, 2008-09

Dilma Rousseff, Brazil, 2014-16

Portia Simpson-Miller, Jamaica, 2006-07 and 2012-16

Claudette Werleigh, Haiti, 1995-96

Trump does not represent me – never has and never will.  He has proclaimed total disrespect for people who aren’t exactly like him.  And I’m certainly not like him.  I’m not a wealthy, full-blooded Caucasian womanizer who cheated on his taxes and has disdain for the American military.  I feel that he’s a genuine threat to free speech and the right to vote, but – like most conservatives – has the full support of gun rights advocates.  This latter band of extremists has always placed the value of firearms above free speech and the right to vote – and certainly above the lives of human beings.

One of my concerns with Trump’s return to the White House is that he will implement the so-called Project 2025 – a federal policy agenda created by the Heritage Foundation, a far-right conservative outfit that is a borderline hate group.  Many officials in Trump’s first administration took part in the project’s creation, which demands a complete overhaul of the government based on staunchly conservative ideology.  That philosophy features opposition to the usual causes: abortion and reproductive freedom and queer rights, but also immigration and racial equity.  Moreover, Project 2025 calls for unwarranted surveillance on specific individuals; using force to quell protestors; and targeting journalists who they deem enemies of the state.  This might sound familiar to those schooled in global political history.  They’re the same kind of tactics the Nazis and the former Soviet Union used on its own civilians.  Argentina pursued the same agenda during its “Dirty War”, and North Korea is doing it now.

I don’t know what’s next for America, but I see nothing good on the horizon.  I’m certain my conservative friends and relatives will assume I’m being paranoid, even hysterical.  Yet I felt similar sensations of foreboding when George W. Bush became president in 2000.  And I was right.  The U.S. ended up both in war and a recession.

I’m almost certain it will happen again.

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Peruvians Feel Robbed After Spain Gets Treasure

In this undated photo made available by Spain’s Culture Ministry, a member of the Ministry technical crew displays some of the 594,000 coins and other artifacts found in the Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes, a Spanish galleon sunk by British warships in the Atlantic while sailing back from South America in 1804, in a warehouse in Tampa, Fla. A 17-ton trove of silver coins recovered from the Spanish galleon was set to be flown February 24, 2012 from the United States to Spain, concluding a nearly five-year legal struggle with Odyssey Marine Exploration, the Florida deep-sea explorers who found and recovered it. (AP Photo/Spain’s Culture Ministry)

In another case of Europeans screwing over Indigenous Americans, a U.S. court has ruled that treasure from a Spanish vessel salvaged in 2007 should be returned to Spain.  The Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes sunk in the Atlantic Ocean in 1804, about 100 miles west of the Strait of Gibraltar, after being attacked by a British war ship.  The Mercedes had originated in Peru, which was a Spanish colony until 1821.  Odyssey Marine Exploration of Tampa, Florida retrieved about 17 tons of gold and silver coins from the Mercedes, but its fate had been in limbo until a 3-judge U.S. appeals court ordered all of it returned to Spain.

Many Peruvians understandably feel robbed.  The precious metals were mined and the coins were minted in the Andes region of Peru, most likely by countless Indians whose numbers already had been reduced due to disease and violence bestowed upon them by the Spanish invaders.  Then, they were forced to toil in the mines, extracting the very ore they often used to make gold and silver ornaments for their own royalty in previous centuries.

“Spain’s progenitors were genocidal to our progenitors, the indigenous of Peru, thousands if not millions of whom died in underground mines going after that metal,” said Rodolfo Rojas Villanueva, an activist with the eco-cultural movement Patria Verde.

As in many such cases, it’s not the money that matters.  It’s the issue of sovereignty and respect.  “There existed an entity, a country that had not yet become independent but was a territory that later converted itself into an independent country, that is called Peru,” said Jose Antonio Garcia Belaunde, foreign minister in the 2006 – 2011 administration of President Alan Garcia.  “The money belonged to that territory.”

Peru’s ambassador to the U.S., Harold Forsyth, put it more bluntly: “The ship departed from the port of Callao (near Lima) with a cargo of coins minted in Peru, extracted from Peruvian mines with arms and sweat of Peruvians.”

Peru has fought previously for its lost archaeological treasures.  Under Garcia, it successfully persuaded Yale University to return hundreds of items taken from the Inca city of Machu Picchu a century ago by the U.S. explorer Hiram Bingham.

Just like when President Obama didn’t bow to Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II a couple of years ago (a move some White conservatives here in the U.S. considered a sign of disrespect, when in fact, our president should bow to no European royal), the people and governments of Europe often have to be reminded forcefully that the people and nations of the Western Hemisphere are no longer their colonial entities.  They can’t just do to us as they please and expect us to tolerate it anymore.  The sun set on their empires decades ago, and – as with many White southerners who keep reliving the Civil War – they just can’t seem to let that all go.

Both Peru and Odyssey have appeals pending before the U.S. Supreme Court whose right-wing bent in recent years should prove to be interesting in this case.

 

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Fire Destroys $100 Million in Books, Computers

The blaze at its peak the night of March 8. Photo courtesy One Laptop per Child.

This is incredibly heart-breaking.  A fire at Peru’s main state educational materials warehouse last week destroyed roughly half a million textbooks, 61,000 laptop computers and 6,000 solar panels that had been destined for schools in the nation’s poor rural communities.  Education Minister Patricia Salas estimated the loss at $103 million.  The blaze comes just as Peru’s school year begins.  Salas told reporters that the overnight blaze “affects prospects for thousands of Peruvian children to begin classes with the materials and services the state had for them.”

Officials are still investigating the blaze, which broke out around 9 P.M. local time last Thursday, March 8, and took 11 hours to control.

The destroyed computers were purchased from the U.S.-based nonprofit One Laptop per Child Association, which has provided low-cost computers to the world’s most isolated and poorest children for the past five years.  Peru is the program’s largest recipient in Latin America.  The computers are rugged, low-power, white-and-green XO laptops.

Many of the destroyed books were in indigenous languages, such as Quechua and Ashaninka.  They had been written for children ages 3 – 5 living in Peru’s eastern regions where the majority of the country’s native languages speakers are concentrated.  Peru has about 9 million students in a public education system ranked among the poorest in the Western Hemisphere.

The warehouse was unrecognizable afterwards. Photo courtesy One Laptop per Child.

 

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